President Maithripala Sirisena yesterday appointed Dr. Indrajit Coomaraswamy a renowned diplomat and economist, as the Governor of the Central Bank — ending weeks of speculation over who will take the post.
The move which climaxed a behind-the-scenes drama this week had pitted the two key players of the Government – the United National Party (UNP) and the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) — on a virtual collision course.
The first intimation of Dr. Coomaraswamy’s appointment came in the President’s twitter account. It said: “After consulting all parties relevant, I appointed Dr. Indrajit Coomaraswamy to head the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.”
Ahead of the appointment, Sirisena met Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and Development Strategies and International Trade Minister Malik Samarawickrema last morning. He conveyed his decision to appoint Dr. Coomaraswamy. The Premier agreed and Minister Samarawickrema also agreed to release Dr. Coomaraswamy who was serving as Advisor in his Ministry.
Premier Wickremesinghe told the Sunday Times: “Dr Coomaraswamy is a capable person. He comes in at a time when there will be a new Foreign Exchange Act, a Financial and Business Centre (at the Colombo Port City), and measures to strengthen Bank Regulations.” He said the country needed a person who could interact with the international community “when we are opening ourselves to the outside world.”
PM’s letter on Thursday
Aggravating the situation was an urgent letter Prime Minister Wickremesinghe wrote to President Sirisena on Thursday. It was on this day (June 30) that Arjuna Mahendran ceased to be Governor. He had assumed office on January 26, 2015 after the resignation, just after the presidential election, of the previous incumbent Ajith Nivard Cabraal. Mahendran served the remainder of Cabraal’s term.
Premier Wickremesinghe declined to reveal the contents of his letter except to say he had “made some observations.” Other well-placed sources, however, revealed that he told Sirisena (in the letter) that he had the concurrence of the Finance Minister Ravi Karunanayake to recommend Charitha Ratwatte as the new Governor. According to UNP sources, this was for a limited period until the COPE investigation against Mahendran was concluded. It was believed that the COPE would rule that there were no charges against Mahendran. The Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), he had said, has been gazetted under him as Minister of National Policies and Economic Affairs.
Nevertheless, he had acknowledged that the Monetary Law Act, as it stood now, said: “The Governor of the Central Bank shall be appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Minister in charge of the subject of Finance.” Hence, he had pointed out that the appointment could not be made by the President. It would have to await the return of the Finance Minister who is now abroad. “The President and I have a clear understanding on this,” said Wickremesinghe.
However, Sirisena is learnt to have replied asking the Premier to recommend more names – an indication that he was not in favour of appointing Ratwatte, which appeared a temporary measure. The Premier had not done so. Sources close to the President said he sent the Premier a list of five names, which included Dr. Coomaraswamy, and urged him to recommend one. Wickremesinghe was of the view that if it was not Mahendran, it should then be Ratwatte who should be the Governor. Sirisena had not received any more recommendations.
Thereafter, these sources said acting in accordance with the Monetary Law Act, President Sirisena appointed Dr. Coomaraswamy. This was after a recommendation had been made by the acting Finance Minister Lakshman Yapa Abeywardena in keeping with provisions of the law. Ahead of the move, a leading Colombo lawyer was consulted on the legal aspects. He opined that the acting Minister was empowered to make a recommendation since he was performing the functions of the Minister of Finance. The son of Raju Coomaraswamy (Roving Raju) an accomplished diplomat, Dr Coomaraswamy had previously served in different positions in the Commonwealth Secretariat and even the Central Bank.
On Friday night there was heightened activity after the Government Information Department issued a news release. It said, “President Maithripala Sirisena will appoint a new Central Bank Governor in consultation with the Prime Minister once the recommendation is received from the Minister of Finance. The recommendation of the Finance Minister is also required to appoint the Central Bank Governor. Accordingly he will be appointed once the Finance Minister who is presently abroad on an official mission returns to the country and submits his recommendation…..”
Barely an hour after this was issued, Ranga Kalansuriya, Director General of Media at the Government Information Department contacted media outlets and urged them not to use this news release. Evidently, it had been released without the President’s approval. Later on Friday night, Nimal Bopage, Secretary to the Ministry of Media (a nominee of President Sirisena) said in a statement that no media statement has been issued by the Department of Information on the subject of the Governor of the Central Bank.
In remarks he made before the appointment of Dr Coomaraswamy, Premier Wickremesinghe told the Sunday Times, “There is no question of an interim or acting Governor. Such things don’t exist. There is no provision in the law for it.” He said a person should be named for the tenure stipulated in the law — six years. It was up to him or her to prematurely end their term, he pointed out. He revealed that draft legislation was ready to be introduced in Parliament to bring the Central Bank (among other institutions) under the Ministry of National Policies and Economic Affairs. Then, it would be this Minister (at present the Premier) who will make the recommendation. Wickremesinghe was disappointed that a planned bond issue on Monday did not materialise. He said a new date would be set soon.
Karunanayake summoned
On Thursday, the Prime Minister’s Secretariat was telephoning Karunanayake who was overseas, to ask him to return to Sri Lanka immediately. He was first in Beijing for a meeting of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Thereafter, he had flown to Tokyo for a meeting of finance ministers. Premier Wickremesinghe spoke to Karunanayake on the telephone to tell him that his presence in Colombo was essential and to cut short his visit. As a result, he will return to Colombo today (Sunday). He was told yesterday there was now no need to rush back.
The fact that a new Governor has been appointed is in itself a significant development. Sirisena has thus shut the door on Mahendran. Earlier, some UNPers believed a new appointee’s term may be limited by arrangement. This assumption was on the basis that the impending report by the Committee on Public Enterprises (COPE), the Parliamentary oversight committee, where the majority are UNP members, would clear Mahendran.
Sirisena loyalists asserted that Dr. Coomaraswamy’s new appointment would be for the next six years, and declared it was a move which sent a strong signal locally and internationally that the President was calling the shots. In doing so, he also makes sure he does not offend the senior SLFP ministers who wanted Mahendran out, said one of them. “Surely, he (the President) will not want to be seen as doing everything the UNP way,” he said. He added “he has to be assertive to strengthen the SLFP and make it a strong force.”
Even before the new CBSL Governor issue aggravated to become a bone of contention between the UNP and the SLFP, a tripartite meeting of the President, the Prime Minister and the Finance Minister was due though not on the same day. This was to discuss further relief measures arising out of the VAT increase that has led to a countrywide campaign by small traders. The campaign is fast gaining momentum. Other far-reaching revolutionary measures to liberalise the economy by lifting controls in many spheres were to be discussed. The Singapore, Hong Kong and Dubai models have been examined. The likelihood of this being announced through a policy statement is not being ruled out. These measures including VAT revisions were to be made public this month. This week there was a lockdown of shops in Anuradhapura, Kandy, Serunuwara, Kiribathgoda and Warakapola.
“Those who are behind the campaign to close shops are opposition politicians against whom probes are under way for bribery or corruption,” Karunanayake told the Sunday Times speaking on the telephone from Tokyo. He said the move to increase the tax base was envisaged to give relief to those affected by the VAT. However, “Joint Opposition” leader Dinesh Gunawardena defended the protests. “We are supporting the consumers and the traders who are badly hit. The VAT was not approved by Parliament. It was not in the budget proposals for which the majority voted,” he told the Sunday Times. He said that the “Joint Opposition” welcomed the appointment of a new Governor, “an experienced professional and respected in his field.” He said he hoped the new Governor would restore Central Bank’s credibility.
The issue over the CBSL Governor zoomed into a heated controversy on Wednesday. This began with a one line message from President Sirisena’s official twitter account at 11.46 a.m. on Wednesday (June 29). It said “I will appoint a new Governor to the Central Bank in the coming hours.” It has obviously been tweeted by his staff. Sirisena was airborne by that time in an Air Force helicopter to the Mahaweli Grounds in Girandurukotte. There too he told a public meeting that within hours a new Central Bank Governor would be named. Making strong forecasts of coming events and not ensuring that they are a reality is not new to Sirisena. Perhaps he is savvy enough to become wiser after advertising coming attractions. Once he told a public meeting in Polonnaruwa that he would send home officials responsible for placing tax burdens on the people. Yet, the officials and the burdens remain. He cannot be blamed for this since he is giving leadership to a coalition where a wide communication gap exists. His dilemma is reflected in some day-to-day developments. Sirisena once told a meeting in the North Central Province that there would be changes in the VAT. A Government Minister had been quoted in a state-run newspaper in its front page lead story as saying there would be changes in VAT but no mention was made about the President saying it.
Flying back to Colombo, Sirisena decided to make a sudden visit to the Central Bank. Unconfirmed reports said he had in fact signed a letter naming Nandalal Weerasinghe, the present Deputy, as the new Governor. He had carried the letter, according to these reports. Governor Mahendran had got wind of Sirisena’s arrival. He stood with a sheaf of betel to greet him. Sirisena ignored him and walked past to meet others and was later talking to senior officials. It was around 4 p.m. and Premier Wickremesinghe was at home readying to travel to Temple Trees. A meeting of the Ministerial Committee on Economic Affairs was scheduled to be held there.
Instead he went straight to the Central Bank where no one was aware he was due. He joined President Sirisena. Premier Wickremesinghe, told his ministerial colleagues that as Minister in charge he would have to be present when the President visits an establishment coming under him. During the conversation with President Sirisena at the Central Bank, the Premier had re-iterated the need to act on the recommendation of the Minister of Finance, as stipulated in the Monetary Law Act.
Premier Wickremesinghe’s strong assertion had been that Mahendran should have been re-appointed. Strange but true, even some very noteworthy players in the opposition including a former VVIP, were privately supporting Mahendran’s continuation in office. Those backing Mahendran believed the COPE would exonerate him of any accusations.
Bond issue: COPE probe and Auditor General’s report
At present the COPE is probing how bond issues were made by the CBSL and whether there was any impropriety on Mahendran’s part. Its report, which will take into account the findings of the Auditor General, is expected next week. In the event it does not reveal anything incriminating, the UNP leaders thought they could press for his re-appointment. Now, senior “Joint Opposition” members are asking what the Government’s position would be if indeed any improprieties or shortcomings are pointed out in the COPE report. Would any action be taken against Mahendran, they ask.
In this backdrop, Auditor General H.M. Gamini Wijesinghe has formulated his report on bond issues by the Central Bank. Here are some relevant edited highlights:
“The avoidable estimated loss of Rs. 889,358,050 (or over Rs. 889 million) mentioned (in an earlier paragraph) and avoidable estimated loss of Rs. 784,898,755 (or over Rs 784 million) mentioned in (another paragraph) amount to a total of Rs. 1,674,256,805 (or over Rs 1.6 billion) in bond issues conducted on February 27, 2015 and March 29, 2016. It is revealed that authorities are responsible for not taking action to prevent the estimated loss of total of Rs. 1,674,256,805 (or over Rs 1.6 billion).
“Moreover if other bond issues conducted during the period in which direct issue of bonds were temporarily suspended — from February 27, 2015 to March 2016 — are calculated for benefits and losses, the likelihood of the above estimated total loss may go up.
“In the information revealed to the Auditor General when compiling this report and facts reported in the above mentioned paragraphs, it is not established that the Central Bank Governor acted with professional due care when performing his duties.
“It is emphasised that this report is compiled within the parameters of the responsibilities and subjects of the Auditor General. Beyond that, it was not examined whether any criminal or illegal acts which the Auditor General could not determine occurred. If there is a need to conduct such examination, I recommend that the assistance of a specialised agency be obtained.”
The Auditor General’s findings speak of a colossal loss to the Central Bank — a position which has been repeatedly countered by Governor Mahendran. That would naturally necessitate a detailed probe to determine whose assertions are correct. Another aspect which the Auditor General points out that is beyond his remit is whether any criminal or illegal acts were committed. Here again, the issues related to this could only be established if there is a probe by a state investigation agency. Thus the UNP is caught up in a Catch 22 situation. If indeed the COPE report contains any adverse findings including testimony from the Auditor General, the UNP could no longer have pressed for Mahendran’s re-instatement. On the other hand, pressure to see a logical end to the allegations of alleged financial discrepancies revealed by the AG would place the UNP in a bigger dilemma.
Civil society groups were also agitated by the delay in the appointment of a Governor. Prof. Sarath Wijesuriya, convenor of the National Movement for Social Justice, told a news conference on Friday that they would be forced to react if an appointment was not made immediately. He was one of seven persons from civil society groups who met President Sirisena on June 17 to discuss matters related to bribery, corruption and other issues.
Courtesy:Sunday Times